Home Remedies For Coccidiosis In Goats: Practical, Natural Support For Your Herd

Coccidiosis can sweep through your goat kids fast. One week they’re bouncing off the walls, the next you’re dealing with foul diarrhea, dehydration, and a pen that suddenly feels way too quiet.

You want to lean on natural, budget-friendly options as much as possible, but you also don’t want to gamble with a kid’s life. This guide is written exactly for that balance.

You’ll get:

  • A clear overview of what coccidiosis is and how it spreads.
  • Pen-side checks so you can catch it early.
  • 15+ practical, natural home remedies with dosages by body weight and bulk recipes you can actually mix in a barn.
  • Guidance on treating a single sick kid versus protecting the whole herd.
  • When it’s time to stop tinkering and call your vet.

Use this as a field guide: read it once with a cup of coffee, then print the tables and hang them in the barn.

Understanding Coccidiosis In Goats

What Coccidia Are And How They Spread

Coccidiosis is caused by microscopic parasites called Eimeria (coccidia) that live in the intestinal lining. They’re species-specific, so goat coccidia don’t infect people or cattle, but they spread very easily from goat to goat.

How they spread on your farm:

  • Infected goats shed coccidia oocysts (eggs) in their manure.
  • Those eggs contaminate bedding, feeders, water buckets, and soil.
  • Kids nibble dirty bedding, eat off the ground, or drink contaminated water.
  • Stress (weaning, moving, weather swings) lets coccidia multiply in the gut.

Once the oocysts are in a warm, moist environment, they become infective. Overcrowded, damp pens are basically coccidia nurseries.

Which Goats Are Most At Risk

You’ll see coccidiosis most often in:

  • Kids 3 weeks to 6 months old (peak risk around weaning).
  • Goats under stress – transport, shows, sudden diet change, rough weather.
  • Bottle babies and orphan kids.
  • Goats in crowded, dirty, or constantly damp pens.

Adults usually build some immunity, but heavily stressed or underfed adults can still show mild signs and, more importantly, shed oocysts that infect kids.

Typical Course Of The Disease

Without control, the course usually looks like this:

  1. Subclinical phase – Coccidia are multiplying in the gut, but you don’t see obvious signs. You might just notice slower growth or dull hair coat.
  2. Clinical phase – Diarrhea starts (often pasty or watery, sometimes with mucus or blood). Appetite drops, kids get tucked-up and dehydrated.
  3. Damage phase – The intestinal lining is scarred. Even after the diarrhea clears, kids can be stunted for life because they can’t absorb nutrients properly.

This is why catching coccidiosis early and supporting the gut matters, even if you end up using a prescription coccidiostat. The earlier you act, the less permanent damage.

How To Recognize Coccidiosis Early

Common Clinical Signs To Watch For

You won’t see coccidia with your eyes, but you’ll see their effects. Watch especially your kids and weanlings for:

  • Soft, pasty, or watery diarrhea (often foul-smelling)
  • Soiling of tail and back legs
  • Decreased appetite, slow to come to feed
  • Dehydration (sunken eyes, dry gums, skin tent stays up)
  • Weight loss, poor growth, pot-bellied but bony
  • Dull hair coat, rough or staring
  • Lethargy, kids lying down more, not playing

Not every diarrhea case is coccidia, but in kids in that 3–6 month bracket, you should assume coccidia until ruled out.

Simple Pen-Side Checks You Can Do

You can do quite a bit without lab equipment:

  • Temperature: Normal goat temp is ~101.5–103.5°F (38.6–39.7°C). Many coccidia cases have a normal or only slightly elevated temp.
  • Hydration: Pinch the skin over the neck. If it doesn’t snap back quickly, dehydration is brewing.
  • Gums: Pale gums and eyelids (FAMACHA scoring) may also point to worms, which often piggyback on weak kids.
  • Manure consistency: Track each kid’s droppings daily in high-risk periods (weaning, show season).

A quick reference for your barn wall:

CheckNormalConcerning For Coccidiosis
Kid attitudeBright, curious, playfulQuiet, stands hunched, isolates
ManureFirm pelletsPasty, pudding-like, or watery
Hydration (skin tent)Snaps back in < 1 secondTakes 2+ seconds to flatten
AppetiteRuns to feeder, strong suckleSlow to eat, weak suckle, skips grain/hay

Red-Flag Signs That Require Immediate Veterinary Help

Home remedies have limits. You should not rely only on herbs and teas if you see:

  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Profuse watery diarrhea with a very weak kid
  • Kid can’t stand, is cold, or is severely dehydrated
  • Fever over 104°F or a very low temp under 100°F
  • More than one kid crashing in a short time
  • No improvement within 24 hours of starting supportive care

Those situations call for a vet, fast. Prescription coccidiostats (like sulfa drugs or amprolium) combined with the supportive measures in this text can be the difference between losing several kids and just dealing with a messy pen for a week.

When Home Remedies Are (And Are Not) Appropriate

Limits Of Home Treatment For Coccidiosis

Natural home remedies for coccidiosis in goats are excellent tools for prevention, early support, and mild cases. They are not a magic replacement for medication in a crashing kid.

Home-based treatments are most appropriate when:

  • You see mild diarrhea but the kid is still bright and eating.
  • You’re in a high-risk period (weaning, shows, wet weather) and want to prevent problems.
  • You’re supporting kids after a vet has started prescription treatment.

They are not enough on their own when:

  • You have severe diarrhea, blood, or quickly worsening weakness.
  • Multiple kids are down or dehydrated.
  • You see no improvement in 12–24 hours.

Balancing Natural Management With Timely Medication

You don’t have to pick a side: “all natural” versus “all drugs.” As a sustainable livestock vet, my priority is:

  1. Save the kid. If that needs medication, use it.
  2. Protect the gut and reduce long-term damage with herbs, nutrition, and husbandry.
  3. Prevent repeat outbreaks so you rely on fewer drugs over time.

Think of it this way:

  • Medication (when needed) knocks coccidia back quickly.
  • Home remedies and management make your goats less likely to get hammered again and again.

The sections below focus on what you can safely do at home, with practical doses you can use right now.

Immediate At‑Home Support For A Goat With Coccidiosis

Setting Up A Sick Pen And Isolation

First step when you suspect coccidiosis: manage the individual and the herd separately.

For the sick kid:

  • Move to a dry, clean, well-bedded pen.
  • Separate from healthy kids, but keep a buddy in sight to reduce stress.
  • Use individual water and feed buckets that you can scrub daily.

For the herd:

  • Scrape and remove heavily soiled bedding.
  • Raise feeders and waterers so they’re not over manure.
  • Reduce crowding: give kids room to spread out.

Isolation stops your sick kid from seeding the main pen with even more coccidia while you treat.

Hydration Strategies You Can Use At Home

Dehydration kills kids with coccidiosis faster than the parasites do. Keep water clean, fresh, and close to the sick animal.

Remedy 1: Basic Homemade Electrolyte Mix

Purpose: Rehydrate and replace salts lost in diarrhea.

Ingredients (bulk for 10 quarts):

  • Non-iodized salt – 4 Tbsp
  • Baking soda – 4 Tbsp
  • Table sugar or dextrose – 1 cup
  • Warm clean water – 10 quarts

Preparation:

  1. Mix dry ingredients.
  2. Dissolve in warm water, stir until clear.

Dosage:

Offer free-choice to the herd, and for sick kids:

  • Per 10 lb kid: 2–4 oz every 2–4 hours if not drinking well.
  • Rough guide: 4–6 oz per 25 lb, per dose.

You don’t really dose by exact mg here: you monitor hydration and attitude.

Withdrawal time: These are food-grade ingredients – 0 days for milk and meat.

Remedy 2: Molasses Energy & Electrolyte Drench

Great for a weak kid who won’t drink on its own.

Ingredients (for 1 quart):

  • Blackstrap molasses – 1 cup
  • Warm water – 3 cups
  • Salt – 1 tsp
  • Baking soda – 1 tsp

Preparation:

  1. Warm the water.
  2. Stir in molasses, salt, and baking soda until dissolved.

Dosage:

Give carefully by syringe along the side of the mouth:

  • Per 25 lb body weight: 20–30 ml (about 4–6 tsp) every 2–4 hours as needed.

Withdrawal time: 0 days (all food-grade).

Supporting The Gut Lining And Reducing Stress

Coccidia damage the intestinal wall. You want to soothe and coat the gut, and also calm the kid.

Remedy 3: Slippery Elm–Chamomile Gut Soothing Drench

Purpose: Coat the gut lining, reduce cramping and irritation.

Ingredients (bulk for 10 doses):

  • Slippery elm powder – 1 cup
  • Dried chamomile flowers – 1/2 cup
  • Warm water – ~6 cups

Preparation:

  1. Steep chamomile in 4 cups boiling water for 15 minutes, strain.
  2. Whisk slippery elm into the tea until you get a thick gravy-like consistency.
  3. Add extra warm water as needed.

Dosage (by weight):

  • Per 25 lb: 10–15 ml
  • Per 50 lb: 20–30 ml

Give 2–3 times daily during diarrhea.

Withdrawal time: Slippery elm and chamomile are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) – 0-day withdrawal for meat and milk.

Stress also suppresses immunity. Keep the sick pen quiet, out of direct drafts, and handle kids gently and efficiently.

Gut-Supportive Natural Remedies

Probiotics And Fermented Feeds

When coccidia hammer the gut, beneficial microbes take a hit too. Probiotics help rebuild that balance.

Remedy 4: Commercial Goat Probiotic Paste

Purpose: Replenish beneficial gut bacteria.

Dosage (follow label, typical range):

  • Per 25 lb: 2–3 ml
  • Per 50 lb: 4–5 ml

Give once or twice daily during illness and for 3–5 days after diarrhea stops.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Remedy 5: Simple Fermented Grain or Chaffhaye Support

If you’re already feeding a small amount of grain or chaffhaye, you can lean on it:

  • Offer very small amounts (a handful per kid) of high-quality fermented forage like chaffhaye.
  • Avoid heavy grain feeding during active diarrhea: it can worsen acidosis.

Herbal And Plant-Based Gut Supports Commonly Used On Homesteads

These won’t kill every coccidia organism, but they may help slow reproduction and support the gut environment.

Remedy 6: Garlic–Oregano–Thyme Herbal Drench

Purpose: Support gut health with mild antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects.

Ingredients (bulk for 10 kid doses):

  • Fresh garlic cloves – 10 large, minced
  • Dried oregano – 1/2 cup
  • Dried thyme – 1/2 cup
  • Warm water – 4 cups
  • Blackstrap molasses – 1/2 cup (optional, for palatability)

Preparation:

  1. Combine herbs and garlic in a jar.
  2. Pour warm water over, steep 20–30 minutes.
  3. Strain, then stir in molasses.

Dosage (by weight):

  • Per 25 lb: 10–15 ml
  • Per 50 lb: 20–30 ml

Give 1–2 times daily for 3–5 days in mild cases, or as supportive care alongside vet treatment.

Withdrawal time: Garlic and culinary herbs are GRAS – 0 days for meat and milk.

Remedy 7: Anti-Coccidial Herbal Tea (Oregano–Thyme–Chamomile)

This is similar to the recipe in your context but scaled for barn use.

Ingredients (makes about 2 quarts):

  • Dried oregano – 2 Tbsp
  • Dried thyme – 2 Tbsp
  • Dried chamomile – 2 Tbsp
  • 2–3 minced garlic cloves
  • Boiling water – 2 quarts

Preparation:

  1. Combine all herbs and garlic in a heat-safe container.
  2. Pour boiling water over, cover, and steep 15–20 minutes.
  3. Cool to room temperature and strain.

Dosage (by weight):

  • Per 25 lb: 20–30 ml orally 2–3 times per day.

You can also offer it half-and-half with water in a bucket for the sick pen.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Remedy 8: Pumpkin Seed & Fennel Topper

Pumpkin seeds are traditionally used against internal parasites. They’re not a stand-alone coccidia cure but can support overall parasite control.

Ingredients (bulk mix):

  • Raw, unsalted pumpkin seeds – 4 cups
  • Fennel seed – 1 cup
  • Dried nettle leaf – 1 cup (for minerals)

Grind coarsely.

Dosage (feed additive):

  • Per 50 lb goat: 1–2 Tbsp over feed once daily for 7–10 days.

Use more as a herd support during high-risk times than as sole treatment.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Activated Charcoal And Clay: When They May Help And When To Avoid

Activated charcoal and clays can bind toxins in the gut, which may be useful if you suspect feed or plant toxins on top of coccidiosis. But they can also bind medicines and nutrients, so timing matters.

Remedy 9: Activated Charcoal Drench

Purpose: Bind toxins and reduce irritation when diarrhea is severe or you suspect feed issues.

Ingredients (for 5 doses):

  • Activated charcoal powder – 5 Tbsp
  • Warm water – 2.5 cups

Preparation:

  1. Mix charcoal into water to form a black slurry.
  2. Shake or stir well before each dose.

Dosage (by weight):

  • Per 25 lb: 10–15 ml
  • Per 50 lb: 20–30 ml

Give up to 2–3 times daily for 1–2 days.

Important:

  • Do not give within 2–3 hours of prescription meds or herbal drenches you want absorbed: charcoal will bind them.

Withdrawal time: 0 days, though it can darken milk/rumen contents temporarily.

Remedy 10: Bentonite Clay Gut Support

Purpose: Gentle binder to help firm stools and bind some toxins.

Ingredients (for herd mix):

  • Food-grade bentonite clay – 1 cup
  • Loose mineral mix – 4 cups

Preparation:

  1. Mix clay thoroughly into loose minerals.
  2. Offer free-choice in a separate mineral feeder.

Or as a drench:

  • 1 tsp bentonite clay in 20 ml water per 25 lb, once or twice daily for a few days.

Again, separate from meds by a few hours.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Immune-Supportive And Nutritional Home Remedies

Key Minerals And Vitamins For Recovery

Kids fighting coccidiosis need strong immune systems and good red blood cell production.

  • Copper, selenium, and zinc are critical for immune function.
  • B vitamins support appetite and gut health.

If you use Corid (amprolium) under vet direction, remember it interferes with thiamine (vitamin B1). Your vet may prescribe thiamine injections to prevent polioencephalomalacia.

Remedy 11: Mineral Boost Top-Dress

Work with your vet or nutritionist for exact local needs, but a simple at-home approach:

Ingredients:

  • High-quality loose goat mineral
  • Nutritional yeast (B vitamins) – optional

Dosage:

  • Offer minerals free-choice at all times.
  • During illness, top-dress a pinch of mineral and 1–2 tsp nutritional yeast per 50 lb goat over easily digested feed once daily.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Using Electrolytes, Molasses, And Easily Digested Feeds

We already covered basic electrolytes, but overall feeding strategy matters.

  • Avoid heavy grain when diarrhea is active.
  • Offer good grass hay and small amounts of leafy browse.
  • Once diarrhea is improving, introduce small amounts of higher-energy feeds.

Remedy 12: Oat & Alfalfa Recovery Mash

Purpose: Gentle calories and protein for recovering kids.

Ingredients (for 4–5 kid servings):

  • Rolled oats – 2 cups
  • Chopped alfalfa hay or pellets – 2 cups
  • Warm water – 4 cups
  • Blackstrap molasses – 1/4 cup

Preparation:

  1. Soak oats and alfalfa in warm water 20–30 minutes.
  2. Stir in molasses.

Feeding:

  • Offer 1/4–1/2 cup per 25 lb kid twice daily, after diarrhea is slowing.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Body Condition And Parasite Load As Underlying Factors

Kids that are thin, wormy, or mineral-deficient are far more likely to be slammed by coccidia.

  • Use FAMACHA scoring and periodic fecals (through your vet or lab) to monitor worm load.
  • Keep kids in moderately fleshy condition, neither bony nor obese.

Remedy 13: Gentle Herbal Dewormer Blend (Supportive)

Not a primary worm-killer but a useful support in a broader parasite plan.

Ingredients (bulk, mix and store in a jar):

  • Dried wormwood – 1 cup
  • Dried thyme – 1 cup
  • Dried garlic granules – 1 cup
  • Ground pumpkin seed – 2 cups

Dosage (as feed topper):

  • Per 50 lb goat: 1 Tbsp over feed once daily for 7 days, repeated monthly in high-risk seasons.

Important: Wormwood should be used in moderation and not in pregnant does without vet guidance.

Withdrawal time: No official data: traditionally 0-day for herbs in small amounts, but if selling milk commercially, check with your certifier.

Natural Management And Prevention On The Homestead

Pasture And Pen Management To Reduce Coccidia Pressure

You’ll make the biggest dent in coccidiosis by managing environment, not by pouring bottles.

  • Keep kid areas dry and well-bedded. Wet, manure-filled corners are coccidia factories.
  • Raise feeders and waterers off the ground.
  • Avoid overcrowding: give kids room to lie on clean bedding.
  • Scrub water buckets regularly.

Remedy 14: Natural Pen Disinfectant Spray

This won’t sterilize like bleach, but it helps drop overall pathogen load.

Ingredients (for a 2-gallon sprayer):

  • White vinegar – 1 gallon
  • Water – 1 gallon
  • Optional: 1/2 cup lemon juice, 20–30 drops tea tree or thyme essential oil (for walls only, not on animals)

Preparation & Use:

  1. Mix and pour into a garden sprayer.
  2. After mucking out, spray walls, gates, and non-porous surfaces.
  3. Let dry before adding fresh bedding.

Kid Management: Weaning Practices, Creep Feeding, And Stress Reduction

Stress is the trigger that lets coccidia take off.

  • Wean gradually instead of cold-turkey where possible.
  • Offer a clean creep area so kids can eat without being trampled.
  • Avoid major changes (weaning, new pen, shows) all in the same week.

Remedy 15: Anti-Stress Herbal Tea For Weaning Kids

Purpose: Mild calming and gut support during stressful transitions.

Ingredients (for 1 gallon):

  • Dried chamomile – 1/2 cup
  • Dried lemon balm – 1/2 cup
  • Dried peppermint – 1/4 cup
  • Boiling water – 1 gallon

Preparation:

  1. Steep herbs in boiling water 20 minutes, strain, and cool.

Use:

  • Offer instead of plain water for a few hours daily during the weaning week.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Rotational Grazing, Housing, And Sanitation Habits

On pasture:

  • Use rotational grazing: rest paddocks at least 30 days, longer in warm, wet weather.
  • Avoid forcing goats to graze grass shorter than 4 inches, parasites and coccidia are most concentrated near the soil.

In housing:

  • Deep-litter systems work only if managed well: otherwise, clean out more often.
  • Keep kidding pens freshly bedded, dry, and uncrowded.

Remedy 16: Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) Water Additive

Not a silver bullet, but many homesteaders use ACV to encourage water intake and mildly support gut health.

Dosage:

  • 1–2 Tbsp ACV per gallon of water for adults and older kids.

Offer a plain-water bucket alongside it so goats can choose.

Withdrawal time: 0 days.

Keeping Good Records To Catch Patterns Early

A simple notebook or spreadsheet can save a lot of kids over the years.

Track:

  • Birth dates and weaning dates.
  • When diarrhea shows up, which pen, and which kids.
  • Weather patterns (periods of warm, wet conditions).
  • Any treatments used and how kids responded.

You’ll quickly see patterns like: “We always get trouble 10 days after weaning,” or “That low, shady pen is where most cases begin.” Then you can adjust management before the next season.

Working With A Veterinarian While Using Home Remedies

How To Talk To Your Vet About Natural Approaches

Many vets are open to natural support if you’re clear and organized.

When you call:

  • Describe age, signs, temperature, and how fast things changed.
  • Mention that you’re already using supportive care: electrolytes, gut-soothing herbs, probiotics.
  • Ask: “If we start a sulfa drug or Corid, what dose and for how many days?” and “Can we pair that with thiamine or B vitamins?”

Be honest about everything you’re giving so they can avoid interactions.

Combining Prescription Treatment With Supportive Home Care

If your vet prescribes Albon (sulfadimethoxine) or Corid (amprolium):

You can usually continue:

  • Electrolytes
  • Molasses energy drenches
  • Slippery elm/chamomile gut soothers
  • Probiotics (time them a few hours away from oral meds)

Use caution with:

  • Activated charcoal or heavy clay use (can bind meds, separate by several hours).
  • Essential oil drenches if the kid is already weak (stick to gentle doses).

Remedy 17: Cautious Essential Oil Support Blend (Advanced Users Only)

If you work with essential oils, keep doses tiny and always diluted.

Ingredients (makes ~30 ml stock):

  • Oregano essential oil – 2 drops
  • Thyme essential oil – 2 drops
  • Sweet orange essential oil – 4 drops
  • Olive oil – 30 ml

Dosage (max):

  • Per 25 lb: 0.5 ml orally, once or twice daily, no more than 3–5 days.

Only use in kids that are bright and eating, and never as the only treatment in a crash case.

Withdrawal time: No official data. For small, short-term use, practical withdrawal is usually considered 0 days, but if you sell milk or meat commercially, be conservative and allow several days.

Building A Farm Coccidiosis Plan For Future Seasons

After your first real bout of coccidiosis, make a written plan so you’re not scrambling next time.

Include:

  • High-risk dates: typical weaning times, show season, rainy season.
  • Preventive steps: pen cleaning schedule, rotational grazing plan, kid grouping.
  • Home remedy kit list:
  • Electrolyte ingredients
  • Slippery elm, chamomile, oregano, thyme, garlic
  • Probiotic paste
  • Activated charcoal
  • Apple cider vinegar, molasses, loose minerals
  • Vet contact info and preferred coccidia treatment and dosages for your herd size.

Review the plan each year and update based on what worked, and what didn’t.

Conclusion

You can’t keep coccidia completely off your farm. They’re part of the environment. But you can decide whether they become a yearly disaster or just an occasional, manageable bump.

Home remedies for coccidiosis in goats work best when you:

  • Know the early signs and act quickly.
  • Separate and support the sick kid while tightening up hygiene for the whole herd.
  • Use a toolbox of electrolytes, gut-soothing herbs, probiotics, minerals, and stress-reduction tactics.
  • Respect the limits of home care and bring in prescription help before kids crash.

Print a simple barn chart with your favorite 5–10 remedies and dosages by weight. Stock those ingredients ahead of kidding and weaning season. That way, when the first tail gets dirty, you’re not scrolling your phone in a panic, you’re already mixing the next drench.

Coccidiosis will visit most goat farms at some point. With good management and smart use of natural tools, it doesn’t have to stay long or do much damage.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the best home remedies for coccidiosis in goats?

The most useful home remedies for coccidiosis in goats focus on support, not cure: homemade electrolytes, molasses drenches for energy, slippery elm and chamomile to soothe the gut, probiotics or fermented feeds, gentle herbal mixes (garlic, oregano, thyme), and good minerals. These should complement, not replace, veterinary treatment in serious cases.

When are home remedies for coccidiosis in goats enough, and when do I need a vet?

Home care is appropriate for mild diarrhea in bright, active kids, during high‑risk periods like weaning, and as support alongside prescription drugs. Call a vet urgently for bloody or profuse watery diarrhea, inability to stand, fever above 104°F, severe dehydration, multiple kids crashing, or no improvement within 12–24 hours.

How can I naturally prevent coccidiosis in goat kids on my homestead?

Natural prevention relies on management: keep pens dry and well‑bedded, avoid overcrowding, raise feeders and waterers, scrub buckets often, and use rotational grazing so goats aren’t forced to graze short, contaminated grass. Support immunity with good nutrition, loose minerals, probiotics, and stress reduction at weaning, shows, or moves.

Can home remedies cure coccidiosis in goats without medication?

Home remedies alone rarely cure moderate to severe coccidiosis. They can slow parasite impact, protect the gut, and support hydration and immunity, but heavy infections often require prescription coccidiostats like sulfa drugs or amprolium. Relying only on herbs and teas in a crashing kid can lead to permanent stunting or death.

How long does it take for a goat to recover from coccidiosis?

Mild coccidiosis may improve within 2–3 days once treatment and supportive care start, though stools can take a week to fully normalize. Severe cases often need 5–7 days of medication and careful nursing. Even after diarrhea stops, growth and weight gain may lag for weeks due to intestinal damage.

Is coccidiosis in goats contagious to humans or other livestock?

Goat coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria species that are host‑specific. The strains that infect goats do not infect humans or cattle. However, infected goats shed large numbers of oocysts in manure, which easily spread to other goats through contaminated bedding, soil, feed, and water, especially in warm, damp, crowded pens.

Hue Karreman

Dr. Hue Karreman is a pioneer in organic dairy medicine and bovine phytotherapy. As one of the few veterinarians to pass the comprehensive VBMA exam for herbal competency, he is a leading authority on using botanical alternatives to antibiotics in large-animal dairy production and sustainable agriculture .